The Me of students’ mathematics learning results and problem-solving understanding are 69.679 and 66.889. Statistical tests were carried out by means of analysis of linear regression and the t-test. The researchers calculated and converted scores into values. The sample consists of 244 respondents, with female and male respondents of 123 and 121, and low- and high-grade students of 74 and 170, respectively. The population is all students in the fourth through sixth grades at two primary schools (263 respondents). The research goals are: describing students’ problem-solving understanding and mathematics learning results testing the influence of gender and grade level on students’ problem-solving understanding and mathematics learning results and testing the influence of students’ problem-solving understanding on mathematics learning results. Problem-solving is the ability to understand issues and steps that will affect students’ mathematics learning results. Therefore, a mathematical textbook analysis is needed to find out how the HOTS content in textbook is used by teachers and students. Thus, it can be said that the more HOTS content in a textbook, the greater the probability of HOTS to be trained and taught to the students. Some studies even mentioned that there is a strong relationship between textbook used with student achievement. Teacher's decisions in selecting teaching materials and strategies are also directly influenced by textbook used by teachers. Textbook is one of the learning media that can be used in training HOTS because the textbook is the main learning media for teachers and students. HOTS can be developed but cannot be automated and requires practice. The results of literature review show that HOTS is one of the main goals in education and become one of the top five variables that can improve student achievement. This article aims to describe the urgency of HOTS content analysis in mathematics textbook. HOTS is trained in mathematics learning which one of its execution uses teaching materials such as textbook. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is a skill demanded in 21st century.
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